ADHD and Dyslexia

Plain-language summary

Research suggests that ADHD and reading difficulties often occur together, though the exact reasons are still being explored. While some studies focus specifically on dyslexia, others look more broadly at reading challenges. It’s also important to note that not all studies distinguish between different types of reading difficulties or specifically ADHD and dyslexia.

Key findings

• A significant number of children with ADHD also experience reading difficulties.
• Some research suggests shared brain characteristics might contribute to both ADHD and reading difficulties.
• The overlap between ADHD and reading difficulties can sometimes make it harder to identify the distinct challenges of dyslexia.
• Challenges with executive functions, which are often seen in ADHD, can also impact reading ability.

Studies cited (8)

1. Reading Fluency in Chinese Children With Reading Disabilities and/or ADHD: A Key Role for Morphology — Li M, Georgiou G, Kirby JR (2023, Journal of learning disabilities, other)

   DOI: 10.1177/00222194221131569

2. Reading performance in children with ADHD: an eye-tracking study — Caldani S, Acquaviva E, Moscoso A (2022, Annals of dyslexia, other)

   DOI: 10.1007/s11881-022-00269-x

3. Dissociating executive function and ADHD influences on reading ability in children with dyslexia — Al Dahhan NZ, Halverson K, Peek CP (2022, Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, other)

   DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.03.025

4. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyscalculia — Haberstroh S, Schulte-Körne G (2019, Deutsches Arzteblatt international, other)

   DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0107 PMCID: PMC6440373

5. Comorbidity of reading disabilities and ADHD: Structural and functional brain characteristics — Langer N, Benjamin C, Becker BLC (2019, Human brain mapping, other)

   DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24552 PMCID: PMC6508987

6. Comorbidity of ADHD and dyslexia — Germanò E, Gagliano A, Curatolo P (2010, Developmental neuropsychology, other)

   DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2010.494748

7. Developmental dyslexia — Grizzle KL (2007, Pediatric clinics of North America, other)

   DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2007.02.015

8. [Genetics of dyslexia] — Schulte-Körne G, Warnke A, Remschmidt H (2006, Zeitschrift fur Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, other)

   DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917.34.6.435